feat(bash): resolve executor config through the bash settings namespace

The capability's namespace is owned by the seam because it names the
capability, not an implementation: a host composes exactly one provider of
ctx.bash, so both executor families register the same namespace with their
own schema and composition entry without ever colliding, and a settings
document carried between platforms keeps resolving on both.

Both executors read their config through a source thunk, so a stored change
reaches the next command. The constructor checks the schema cannot express
become the section validator, refusing a bad value at the write instead of
at the next command. pwsh re-resolves its executable only when the declared
path changed, so an unrelated settings change never re-probes the filesystem.

docs/config-catalog.i18n.yaml

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write docs/config-catalog.md
-config-catalog.md: 234e07eafdc4a01681ccff4b7ac8290905cd677b
+config-catalog.md: 14610ca9c06d5c4beb6ccb74795e5859952c58a4
 config-catalog.zh.md: d092947d31cfe4b24cae5d0ee8570dda39d7a287