diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.i18n.yaml b/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.i18n.yaml
index 0b1f79f342..530296f0ff 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.i18n.yaml
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.i18n.yaml
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 # side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
 # after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
 #   pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write .agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.md
-2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.md: b57273c1c7bb957eeb4de2cf786370c18e6e735c
-2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.zh.md: 53e6550b9b1ac7612908e6b464eadd40704ee05f
+2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.md: 97be6d5d70d12f783e2c80b1bcd546cfa4582ca8
+2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.zh.md: f55b4f8011cc42aa4e0f8c11d9900525a565e1a7
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.md
index b57273c1c7..97be6d5d70 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The barrier stack for replay-mode browser assertions is, in order: (1) host-side
 
 No single-shot transient-DOM assertions: every hop from replay yield to React commit can coalesce chunks, so sampling `[data-streaming]` is a race by construction. Streaming incrementality is asserted from the persisted `assistant/chunk` events (model-visible ⟺ logged makes the log the authoritative proof). `dsh-llm-replay`'s opt-in `paceMs` (default absent = burst) is a realism knob so the browser observes genuinely incremental SSE; correctness never leans on it, and abort during a pace wait cancels promptly.
 
-Every scenario fails on any pageerror and on the client's connection-loss/gap-repair console warnings: the reconnect machine plus history resync would otherwise self-heal a dead SSE path and the suite would certify a broken wire. Scaffold `close()` calls the `ReplayHandle.assertConsumed()` teardown check (every recorded script bound, every cursor drained), converting silent underruns and shifted bindings into crisp diagnostics. No vitest retry on the lane; one chromium per file, fresh context per scenario, one host per scenario; viewport pinned; interaction selectors anchor on roles, `data-*` attributes, and visible text, while the frame and conversation-region captures use the existing CSS-module local-name anchors.
+Every scenario fails on any pageerror and on the client's connection-loss/gap-repair console warnings: the reconnect machine plus history resync would otherwise self-heal a dead SSE path and the suite would certify a broken wire. Scaffold `close()` calls the `ReplayHandle.assertConsumed()` teardown check (every recorded script bound, every cursor drained), converting silent underruns and shifted bindings into crisp diagnostics. No vitest retry on the lane; one chromium per file, fresh context per scenario, one host per scenario; viewport pinned; interaction selectors anchor on roles, `data-*` attributes, and visible text, while the frame and conversation-region captures use the existing CSS-module local-name anchors. Standard scenarios set `dsh.locale=en` before client boot so localized role locators and goldens use one explicit language; `settings-chrome.e2e.ts` alone leaves storage unset to cover the default Chinese state and both switch directions.
 
 ### Expected outputs
 
diff --git a/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.zh.md b/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.zh.md
index 53e6550b9b..f55b4f8011 100644
--- a/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.zh.md
+++ b/.agents/notes/implemented/testing/2026-07-24-web-gui-browser-e2e-lane.zh.md
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Web GUI 以一条真实组装链交付——chromium 页面 → client 插件 bu
 
 不做单次瞬态 DOM 断言：从回放产出到 React 提交的每一跳都可能合并分片，采样 `[data-streaming]` 天然就是竞态。流式输出的增量性由持久化的 `assistant/chunk` 事件断言（模型可见 ⟺ 已记录，使日志成为权威证据）。`dsh-llm-replay` 的可选 `paceMs`（默认缺省 = 突发）只是让浏览器观察到真正增量 SSE 的真实感旋钮；正确性绝不依赖它，且节奏等待期间中止会即时取消。
 
-每个场景都会因任何 pageerror 或客户端的连接丢失/间隙修复控制台警告而失败：否则重连机制加历史重同步会把一条死掉的 SSE 通路自愈掉，套件反而认证了坏 wire。Scaffold 的 `close()` 调用 `ReplayHandle.assertConsumed()` 收尾检查（每个已录脚本都被绑定、每个游标都耗尽），把静默的少放与错绑变成清晰诊断。车道不设 vitest 重试；每文件一个 chromium、每场景一个新 context、每场景一个 host；视口固定；交互选择器锚定 role、`data-*` 属性和可见文本，而 frame 与会话区采集则使用既有的 CSS 模块局部类名锚点。
+每个场景都会因任何 pageerror 或客户端的连接丢失/间隙修复控制台警告而失败：否则重连机制加历史重同步会把一条死掉的 SSE 通路自愈掉，套件反而认证了坏 wire。Scaffold 的 `close()` 调用 `ReplayHandle.assertConsumed()` 收尾检查（每个已录脚本都被绑定、每个游标都耗尽），把静默的少放与错绑变成清晰诊断。车道不设 vitest 重试；每文件一个 chromium、每场景一个新 context、每场景一个 host；视口固定；交互选择器锚定 role、`data-*` 属性和可见文本，而 frame 与会话区采集则使用既有的 CSS 模块局部类名锚点。常规场景在客户端启动前设置 `dsh.locale=en`，使本地化的 role 定位器和预期输出统一采用明确指定的语言；只有 `settings-chrome.e2e.ts` 不预设该存储项，以覆盖默认中文状态及双向切换。
 
 ### 预期输出
 
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/code-mode-round.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/code-mode-round.e2e.ts
index 9826d35f7c..f772f7eedf 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/code-mode-round.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/code-mode-round.e2e.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
   captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const FIXTURE = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/code-mode-round/session.jsonl', import.meta.url))
 const UI_EXPECTED = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/code-mode-round/ui.expected.md', import.meta.url))
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe('web e2e: Code Mode round renders nested sub-calls', () => {
     })
     scaffold.ctx.on('session/event', (_session, event: SessionEvent) => { sessionEvents.push(event) })
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/cordis-tool-round.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/cordis-tool-round.e2e.ts
index 558fa1bfc3..e0ad2d26e1 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/cordis-tool-round.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/cordis-tool-round.e2e.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
   captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const FIXTURE = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/cordis-tool-round/session.jsonl', import.meta.url))
 const UI_EXPECTED = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/cordis-tool-round/ui.expected.md', import.meta.url))
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ describe('web e2e: Cordis tools use the generic row variants', () => {
     })
     scaffold.ctx.on('session/event', (_session, event: SessionEvent) => { sessionEvents.push(event) })
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/details-session-lifecycle.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/details-session-lifecycle.e2e.ts
index c4d6483245..bcdf510111 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/details-session-lifecycle.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/details-session-lifecycle.e2e.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, onTestFailed } from 'vitest'
 import {
   fixtureUserPrompts, launchWebScaffold, seedSession, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const FIXTURE = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/lifecycle-chrome/session.jsonl', import.meta.url))
 const SEED_FIXTURE = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/seeded-history/seed.jsonl', import.meta.url))
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ describe.skipIf(MODE === 'record')('web e2e: details panel follows the current S
     scaffold = await launchWebScaffold({ replayFixture: FIXTURE, paceMs: 5 })
     await seedSession(scaffold, await readFile(SEED_FIXTURE, 'utf8'), 'details-session-lifecycle-seed')
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await appFrame(page).waitFor({ timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/lifecycle-chrome.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/lifecycle-chrome.e2e.ts
index a07db275fd..d4d684b1de 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/lifecycle-chrome.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/lifecycle-chrome.e2e.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
   acknowledgeReloadConnectionLoss, assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/lifecycle-chrome', import.meta.url))
 const FIXTURE = join(SNAPSHOT_DIR, 'session.jsonl')
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe('web e2e: lifecycle & chrome (workspace flow / reload / dark mode)', ()
     scaffold = await launchWebScaffold(MODE === 'record' ? {} : { replayFixture: FIXTURE, paceMs: 15 })
     scaffold.ctx.on('session/event', (_session, event: SessionEvent) => { sessionEvents.push(event) })
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/live-interactions.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/live-interactions.e2e.ts
index 692210b352..ca05e46a22 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/live-interactions.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/live-interactions.e2e.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/live-interactions', import.meta.url))
 const FIXTURE = join(SNAPSHOT_DIR, 'session.jsonl')
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ describe('web e2e: live-turn interactions (cancel / error / retry)', () => {
     })
     scaffold.ctx.on('session/event', (_session, event: SessionEvent) => { sessionEvents.push(event) })
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/message-actions.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/message-actions.e2e.ts
index a453d53cbc..aa14308d43 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/message-actions.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/message-actions.e2e.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, seedSession, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/message-actions', import.meta.url))
 // Borrowed read-only: this scenario needs any settled user+assistant pair, not
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ describe('web e2e: message IconActions and clocks on settled history', () => {
     expect(fixtureUserPrompts(raw), 'borrowed seed must carry the drive prompt').toEqual([PROMPT])
     await seedSession(scaffold, raw, SEED_ID)
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ describe('web e2e: message IconActions and clocks on settled history', () => {
   it.skipIf(MODE === 'record')('matches the conversation aria golden with IconActions and clocks', async () => {
     onTestFailed(() => saveFailureShot(page, 'web-e2e-message-actions-aria'))
     await page.getByRole('button', {
-      name: '选择模型，当前 deepseek-v4-flash',
+      name: 'Select model, current deepseek-v4-flash',
     }).waitFor({ timeout: 10_000 })
     // Keep a footer focused so opacity-hidden actions stay in the a11y tree
     // as an active/focused control during the capture.
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/navigation-panes.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/navigation-panes.e2e.ts
index 0f42d911aa..fadbef1e9e 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/navigation-panes.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/navigation-panes.e2e.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, seedSession, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/navigation-panes', import.meta.url))
 const SEED = join(SNAPSHOT_DIR, 'seed.jsonl')
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ describe('web e2e: navigation & panes over a rich seeded session', () => {
       await seedSession(scaffold, raw, SEED_ID)
     }
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     slotErrors = []
     page.on('console', (message) => {
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/question-composer.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/question-composer.e2e.ts
index 8689a74fc2..ac4be25299 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/question-composer.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/question-composer.e2e.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/question-composer', import.meta.url))
 const FIXTURE = join(SNAPSHOT_DIR, 'session.jsonl')
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ describe('web e2e: resident question composer round trip', () => {
     scaffold = await launchWebScaffold(MODE === 'record' ? {} : { replayFixture: FIXTURE, paceMs: 15 })
     scaffold.ctx.on('session/event', (_session, event: SessionEvent) => { sessionEvents.push(event) })
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/replay-round-trip.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/replay-round-trip.e2e.ts
index 17ac5eb03b..01544ad71f 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/replay-round-trip.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/replay-round-trip.e2e.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/fresh-round-trip', import.meta.url))
 const FIXTURE = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/fresh-round-trip/session.jsonl', import.meta.url))
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ describe('web e2e: fresh round trip through the real assembly', () => {
     })
     scaffold.ctx.on('session/event', (_session, event: SessionEvent) => { sessionEvents.push(event) })
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ describe('web e2e: fresh round trip through the real assembly', () => {
     await expect(page.getByRole('textbox').first().isVisible()).resolves.toBe(true)
     expect(await page.getByText('WEB_E2E_OK', { exact: false }).count()).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
     await page.getByRole('button', {
-      name: '选择模型，当前 DeepSeek-V4-Flash',
+      name: 'Select model, current DeepSeek-V4-Flash',
     }).waitFor({ timeout: 10_000 })
     const snapshot = await captureStableAria(page, '[class*="centerCol"]', scaffold.workspaceCwd)
     await compareOrRefreshGolden(UI_EXPECTED, snapshot, MODE)
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/seeded-history.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/seeded-history.e2e.ts
index 80d84d7b2f..f998c974b8 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/seeded-history.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/seeded-history.e2e.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, seedSession, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/seeded-history', import.meta.url))
 const SEED = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/seeded-history/seed.jsonl', import.meta.url))
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ describe('web e2e: seeded history renders through cold resume', () => {
       await seedSession(scaffold, raw, SEED_ID)
     }
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ describe('web e2e: seeded history renders through cold resume', () => {
       // This scenario deliberately leaves the LLM seam open to prove zero
       // model calls. History still restores the selected id, but no catalog
       // adapter exists to provide its presentation name.
-      name: '选择模型，当前 deepseek-v4-flash',
+      name: 'Select model, current deepseek-v4-flash',
     }).waitFor({ timeout: 10_000 })
     const snapshot = (await captureStableAria(page, '[class*="centerCol"]', scaffold.workspaceCwd))
       .split(SEED_ID).join('{{seededId}}')
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/sidebar-scrollbar.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/sidebar-scrollbar.e2e.ts
index 763787f81f..12b9588a97 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/sidebar-scrollbar.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/sidebar-scrollbar.e2e.ts
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, compareOrRefreshGolden, launchWebScaffold, seedSession, watchConsole,
   webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SEED = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/seeded-history/seed.jsonl', import.meta.url))
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/sidebar-scrollbar', import.meta.url))
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ describe('web e2e: sidebar session list scrollbar (reserved gutter / themed thum
     browser = await chromium.launch()
     // Shorter than the other scenarios' 1000px so SEED_COUNT rows overflow
     // the list with room to spare.
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 800 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser, 800)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/skill-invocation-policy.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/skill-invocation-policy.e2e.ts
index 925ff924ca..cb252c724b 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/skill-invocation-policy.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/skill-invocation-policy.e2e.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   webSnapshotMode,
   type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/skill-invocation-policy', import.meta.url))
 const MENU_EXPECTED = join(SNAPSHOT_DIR, 'menu.expected.md')
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ describe('web e2e: skill invocation policy through the real host', () => {
     scaffold = await launchWebScaffold({})
     await seedSkills(scaffold.workspaceCwd)
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/smoke-real.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/smoke-real.e2e.ts
index aceb002d05..a3cd7f1b00 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/smoke-real.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/smoke-real.e2e.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url'
 import type { Browser, Page } from 'playwright'
 import { chromium } from 'playwright'
 import { afterAll, beforeAll, describe, expect, it, onTestFailed } from 'vitest'
-import { REPO_ROOT, connectFreshWorkspace, probeFreePort, requireDist, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { REPO_ROOT, connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, probeFreePort, requireDist, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 function waitForReadyLine(child: ChildProcess): Promise<string> {
   return new Promise((resolveReady, reject) => {
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ describe.skipIf(!process.env.DEEPSEEK_API_KEY || notReady.length > 0)('web smoke
     )
     baseUrl = (await waitForReadyLine(child)).replace('0.0.0.0', '127.0.0.1')
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     page.on('pageerror', e => pageErrors.push(String(e)))
     await page.goto(baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
   }, 120_000)
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/steering.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/steering.e2e.ts
index dc1bc657ad..641d692714 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/steering.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/steering.e2e.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import {
   assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden, fixtureUserPrompts,
   launchWebScaffold, recordFixture, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { connectFreshWorkspace, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { connectFreshWorkspace, newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/steering', import.meta.url))
 const FIXTURE = join(SNAPSHOT_DIR, 'session.jsonl')
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ describe('web e2e: mid-turn steering lands durably and visibly', () => {
       sessionEvents.push(event)
     })
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/support.ts b/apps/web/tests/support.ts
index 5521d984da..aded1aa406 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/support.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/support.ts
@@ -2,13 +2,28 @@
 import { existsSync, mkdirSync } from 'node:fs'
 import { createServer } from 'node:net'
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
-import type { Page } from 'playwright'
+import type { Browser, Page } from 'playwright'
 
 /** The built page under test; `pnpm run test:web` rebuilds it before running. */
 export const DIST_INDEX = fileURLToPath(new URL('../dist/index.html', import.meta.url))
 
 export const REPO_ROOT = fileURLToPath(new URL('../../..', import.meta.url))
 
+/**
+ * Open the standard browser-test page with English selected before client
+ * boot. This keeps role locators and goldens deterministic across localized
+ * component migrations; the settings locale scenario deliberately bypasses
+ * this helper to cover the product's default Chinese state.
+ * @param browser - Playwright browser owning the page.
+ * @param height - Viewport height; width is fixed to the lane baseline.
+ * @returns the initialized page.
+ */
+export async function newEnglishPage(browser: Browser, height = 1000): Promise<Page> {
+  const page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height } })
+  await page.addInitScript(() => { localStorage.setItem('dsh.locale', 'en') })
+  return page
+}
+
 /** Fail loud on a stale checkout instead of testing yesterday's bundle. */
 export function requireDist(): void {
   if (!existsSync(DIST_INDEX)) {
diff --git a/apps/web/tests/workspace-management.e2e.ts b/apps/web/tests/workspace-management.e2e.ts
index ff9d458280..0e58f5188c 100644
--- a/apps/web/tests/workspace-management.e2e.ts
+++ b/apps/web/tests/workspace-management.e2e.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
   acknowledgeReloadConnectionLoss, assertFixtureInventory, captureStableAria, compareOrRefreshGolden,
   launchWebScaffold, seedSession, watchConsole, webSnapshotMode, type WebScaffold,
 } from './scaffold.ts'
-import { saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
+import { newEnglishPage, saveFailureShot } from './support.ts'
 
 const SNAPSHOT_DIR = fileURLToPath(new URL('./snapshots/workspace-management', import.meta.url))
 // The seed is another scenario's committed fixture, reused read-only: this
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ describe('web e2e: workspace management (create / rename / flat view / hover car
     const agentsBefore = scaffold.ctx.agents.list().length
     await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create workspace' }).click()
     await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Open local folder…' }).click()
-    const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog', { name: '选择工作区目录' })
+    const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Select Workspace Directory' })
     await dialog.waitFor({ timeout: 10_000 })
-    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: '编辑路径' }).click()
-    await dialog.getByLabel('编辑路径').fill(path)
-    await dialog.getByLabel('编辑路径').press('Enter')
-    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: '打开' }).click()
+    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Edit path' }).click()
+    await dialog.getByLabel('Edit path').fill(path)
+    await dialog.getByLabel('Edit path').press('Enter')
+    await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Open' }).click()
     await dialog.waitFor({ state: 'hidden', timeout: 10_000 })
     await expect.poll(
       () => scaffold.ctx.workspace.resolveByPath(path),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ describe('web e2e: workspace management (create / rename / flat view / hover car
     await writeFile(join(sessionCwd, 'b.txt'), 'beta\n')
     await seedSession(scaffold, await readFile(SEED, 'utf8'), SEED_ID)
     browser = await chromium.launch()
-    page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1680, height: 1000 } })
+    page = await newEnglishPage(browser)
     tripwire = watchConsole(page)
     await page.goto(scaffold.baseUrl, { waitUntil: 'load' })
     await page.waitForSelector('[class*="frame"]', { timeout: 30_000 })
@@ -363,15 +363,15 @@ describe('web e2e: workspace management (create / rename / flat view / hover car
     try {
       await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Create workspace' }).click()
       await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Open local folder…' }).click()
-      const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog', { name: '选择工作区目录' })
+      const dialog = page.getByRole('dialog', { name: 'Select Workspace Directory' })
       await dialog.waitFor({ timeout: 10_000 })
-      await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: '编辑路径' }).click()
-      await dialog.getByLabel('编辑路径').fill(staged)
-      await dialog.getByLabel('编辑路径').press('Enter')
+      await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Edit path' }).click()
+      await dialog.getByLabel('Edit path').fill(staged)
+      await dialog.getByLabel('Edit path').press('Enter')
       await expect.poll(() => dialog.getByText('alpha', { exact: true }).count(), { timeout: 10_000 }).toBe(1)
       const snapshot = await captureStableAria(page, '[role="dialog"]', scaffold.workspaceCwd)
       await compareOrRefreshGolden(BROWSER_EXPECTED, snapshot, MODE)
-      await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: '取消' }).click()
+      await dialog.getByRole('button', { name: 'Cancel' }).click()
       await dialog.waitFor({ state: 'hidden', timeout: 10_000 })
     } finally {
       if (realHome === undefined) delete process.env.HOME
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ describe('web e2e: workspace management (create / rename / flat view / hover car
     // card; no aria role — text anchors are the stable selector).
     await expect.poll(() => page.getByText('Idle', { exact: true }).count(), { timeout: 5_000 }).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1)
     // Leaving the anchor closes it with no delay.
-    await page.getByRole('button', { name: '设置' }).hover()
+    await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Settings' }).hover()
     await expect.poll(() => page.getByText('Idle', { exact: true }).count(), { timeout: 5_000 }).toBe(0)
     expect(tripwire.pageErrors).toEqual([])
   }, 60_000)