feat(locale): derive the initial Settings language from the browser
A first visit resolved to Chinese regardless of the browser: LocaleService read `dsh.locale` and fell straight back to `zh` when nothing was stored, ignoring the languages the browser already states it reads. The initial locale now resolves through three ordered sources — the persisted preference, then `navigator` (first entry of the ordered language list whose primary subtag names a shipped locale, so `zh-Hans-CN` -> zh and `en-GB` -> en), then `FALLBACK_LOCALE`. An explicit choice still wins and nothing writes the detected locale back to storage, so "has the user chosen?" stays a question only the stored value answers. Specs asserting the shipped Chinese copy now state the browser they assume: the web e2e scenarios open their page with `locale: ZH_BROWSER_LOCALE`, and package specs pin it through the new `pinBrowserLanguages` test helper. `settings-chrome.e2e.ts` gains an English-browser scenario as the assembled-app proof.
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# Bilingual-pair consistency record (docs/i18n/README.md): the git blob hash of each
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# side as of the last confirmed-consistent state. Both languages carry equal authority;
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# after editing either side, bring the other along and re-record with:
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# pnpm run verify-translation-pairing --write .agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-31-browser-derived-initial-locale.md
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2026-07-31-browser-derived-initial-locale.md: 7668171f32642248cc0be92741eb3dc90e0669cc
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2026-07-31-browser-derived-initial-locale.zh.md: 568737285e3c00d6c9792a0e6e79e38428db18c3
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# Agent Note: The Settings language a fresh browser opens in comes from the browser
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Status: implemented
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English | [中文](2026-07-31-browser-derived-initial-locale.zh.md)
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## Problem
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The Settings Language row opened every first visit in Chinese: `LocaleService` read `dsh.locale` from localStorage and fell straight back to `zh` when nothing was stored. The browser already states which languages its user reads — `navigator.languages` is that statement — and the app ignored it, so an English reader met a Chinese product and had to find a Chinese-labelled settings row to escape it. The fallback was doing two jobs at once: the last resort for an unresolvable locale, and the answer for every user who had simply never chosen.
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## Decision
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**The initial locale resolves through three ordered sources: the persisted preference, then the browser, then `FALLBACK_LOCALE`.** `resolveInitialLocale()` in `packages/client/locale/src/client/index.ts` runs at service construction and is the only place the order is expressed; `restorePreference()` now returns `LocaleId | undefined` (an absent, unparseable, or unreachable store reads as *no preference*) so the next source can speak.
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**Browser matching is on the primary subtag, over the ordered list.** `detectBrowserLocale()` walks `[...navigator.languages, navigator.language]` and returns the first entry whose primary subtag names a shipped locale, so `zh-Hans-CN` and `zh-TW` both land on `zh` and `en-GB` on `en`, while a browser asking only for languages this app does not ship (`fr`, `de`) yields nothing and leaves `FALLBACK_LOCALE` in charge. `navigator.language` trails the list because a browser may expose only the former; a runtime without `navigator` at all (node booting the client tree) resolves to the fallback like any unresolvable case.
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**An explicit choice is permanent.** `setLocale` persistence is untouched, and the persisted value is consulted first, so a user who picked a language keeps it even when travelling between browser profiles or system languages. Nothing writes the detected locale back to storage: detection is re-derived every boot and stays invisible to the "has the user chosen?" question.
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**The browser e2e lane now pins the browser language, not just storage.** Scenarios asserting Chinese copy (`access-confirmation`, `models-settings`, `onboarding-deepseek-config`, `settings-chrome`) open their page with `locale: ZH_BROWSER_LOCALE` from `apps/web/tests/support.ts`; `newEnglishPage` keeps pinning `dsh.locale=en`, which still wins over any browser language. `settings-chrome.e2e.ts` gained a scenario opening a second `en-US` page with empty storage and asserting the settings surface comes up English — the assembled-app proof of this feature.
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## Alternatives considered
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- **`Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().locale` or a single `navigator.language` read**: both collapse the user's ordered preference list to one tag, so a `['de', 'en', 'zh']` reader gets zh instead of en. The list is the part of the browser statement worth reading.
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- **Persisting the detected locale on first boot**: it would make detection a one-time event and let a stale first visit outlive a changed browser language, and it destroys the distinction the resolution order rests on — a stored value would no longer mean "the user chose this".
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- **Full BCP 47 negotiation (`Intl.LocaleMatcher`-style lookup, region and script weighting)**: with exactly two shipped locales that differ in language, primary-subtag matching is the whole of the correct answer; a negotiation layer would be untestable surface with no behavior to justify it.
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- **A cordis config key for the default locale**: the deployment does not vary here — the fallback is the product's answer for "no signal at all", not a knob. Repo policy reserves `Config` fields for deployment-varying choices with a current consumer.
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- **Keeping the e2e lane's zh scenarios on storage pinning (`dsh.locale=zh`)**: it would keep the suite green while removing the only place the browser-derived path runs in an assembled app; pinning the browser language instead exercises the new resolution end to end.
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## Consequences
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- A first visit from an English browser lands in English, and the Language row still shows the same two self-described options, so the escape hatch is unchanged in either direction.
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- `FALLBACK_LOCALE` narrows to its real job — the dictionary fallback and the no-signal answer — and stops standing in for "the user has not chosen".
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- Tests that construct a `LocaleService` under jsdom now depend on the environment's `navigator`: the package specs stub it (`zh-CN` as the baseline; the detection spec varies it), and any future spec asserting a default must pin one too.
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- Detection cost is one array walk per service construction, and no storage write, so boot behavior and the persisted-state surface are unchanged.
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# Agent Note: 全新浏览器打开的设置语言由浏览器决定
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Status: implemented
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[English](2026-07-31-browser-derived-initial-locale.md) | 中文
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## Problem
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设置里的语言行在每一次首访时都以中文开场:`LocaleService` 从 localStorage 读取 `dsh.locale`,读不到就直接回落到 `zh`。浏览器本已声明其使用者阅读哪些语言——`navigator.languages` 就是这份声明——而应用对此视而不见,于是英文读者迎面撞上一个中文产品,还得先找到一行中文标签的设置项才能脱身。回落值当时同时承担两份职责:既是无法解析出 locale 时的最后兜底,也是所有从未做过选择的用户拿到的答案。
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## Decision
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**初始 locale 依次经三个来源解析:已持久化的偏好、浏览器、`FALLBACK_LOCALE`。** `packages/client/locale/src/client/index.ts` 中的 `resolveInitialLocale()` 在服务构造时运行,是这一顺序的唯一表达处;`restorePreference()` 现在返回 `LocaleId | undefined`(存储项缺失、无法解析或不可访问,一律读作*没有偏好*),后一个来源才有开口的机会。
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**浏览器匹配按主子标签进行,且遍历有序列表。** `detectBrowserLocale()` 遍历 `[...navigator.languages, navigator.language]`,返回主子标签命中已提供 locale 的首个条目,因此 `zh-Hans-CN` 与 `zh-TW` 同归 `zh`、`en-GB` 归 `en`;而只请求本应用不提供的语言(`fr`、`de`)的浏览器则什么都匹配不到,交由 `FALLBACK_LOCALE` 接管。`navigator.language` 排在列表之后,因为有的浏览器只暴露前者;完全没有 `navigator` 的运行环境(node 启动客户端树)与任何无法解析的情形一样落到回落值。
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**显式选择是永久的。** `setLocale` 的持久化未作改动,且持久化值最先被查询,因此选过语言的用户即便在不同浏览器配置或系统语言之间辗转也保留原选择。没有任何代码把探测到的 locale 写回存储:探测在每次启动时重新推导,对"用户是否做过选择"这一问题始终不可见。
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**浏览器 e2e 车道现在钉住浏览器语言,而不只是存储项。** 断言中文文案的场景(`access-confirmation`、`models-settings`、`onboarding-deepseek-config`、`settings-chrome`)以 `apps/web/tests/support.ts` 的 `locale: ZH_BROWSER_LOCALE` 打开页面;`newEnglishPage` 仍然钉 `dsh.locale=en`,它依旧压过任何浏览器语言。`settings-chrome.e2e.ts` 新增一个场景:另开一个存储项为空的 `en-US` 页面,断言设置界面以英文呈现——这是本功能在组装后应用中的证据。
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## Alternatives considered
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- **`Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().locale` 或单读 `navigator.language`**:两者都把用户的有序偏好列表塌缩成一个标签,于是 `['de', 'en', 'zh']` 的读者拿到的是 zh 而非 en。列表恰恰是浏览器这份声明里最值得读的部分。
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- **首次启动即持久化探测结果**:那会把探测变成一次性事件,让一次陈旧的首访凌驾于此后改变的浏览器语言之上,也摧毁了整个解析顺序所依赖的区分——存储值将不再意味着"用户选了它"。
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- **完整的 BCP 47 协商(`Intl.LocaleMatcher` 式查找、地区与文字权重)**:在只提供两个语言互异的 locale 时,主子标签匹配就是正确答案的全部;协商层只会带来无行为支撑、也无从测试的表面积。
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- **为默认 locale 增加一个 cordis config key**:此处部署之间并无差异——回落值是产品对"完全没有信号"给出的答案,不是旋钮。仓库策略把 `Config` 字段留给有当前消费者、且随部署变化的选择。
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- **让 e2e 车道的中文场景继续钉存储项(`dsh.locale=zh`)**:那会让套件保持绿色,却抹掉浏览器推导路径在组装后应用中唯一的运行处;改钉浏览器语言才能端到端地演练新的解析过程。
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## Consequences
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- 来自英文浏览器的首访落在英文界面,而语言行依然呈现同样两个以自身语言自述的选项,两个方向的脱身通道都未改变。
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- `FALLBACK_LOCALE` 收窄回它真正的职责——字典回落与无信号时的答案——不再兼职充当"用户尚未选择"。
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- 在 jsdom 下构造 `LocaleService` 的测试现在依赖环境的 `navigator`:包内测试对其打桩(以 `zh-CN` 为基线,探测用例则逐个变换),今后任何断言默认值的用例同样必须钉住它。
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- 探测的代价是每次服务构造遍历一次数组,且不写存储,因此启动行为与持久化状态面均无变化。
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