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# DeepSeek Harness Architecture
The **DeepSeek Harness SDK** builds agent harnesses on Cordis. The principle is simple: **everything is a plugin**. The shipped loop is one plugin, not a privileged kernel.
The **DeepSeek Harness SDK** builds agent harnesses on Cordis. **Everything is a plugin**; the shipped loop is not a privileged kernel.
## Overview
A harness is one [Cordis](cordis-primer.md) context. Packages contribute service keys, typed events, and disposable registrations: services expose stable calls (`ctx.llm`, `ctx.tools`, `ctx.sessions`), events provide interception and notifications (`agent/request`, `tools/pre-execute`, `session/event`), and registrations install prompt sections, tools, providers, adapters, or listeners.
A harness is one [Cordis](cordis-primer.md) context. Packages add services (`ctx.llm`, `ctx.tools`, `ctx.sessions`), typed events (`agent/request`, `tools/pre-execute`, `session/event`), and disposable prompt, tool, provider, adapter, and listener registrations.
`packages/core/` groups the default agent flow; surrounding capabilities are equally first-class Cordis plugins.
`packages/core/` groups the default agent flow; other capabilities are Cordis plugins.
### Default Services
@@ -16,23 +16,25 @@ A harness is one [Cordis](cordis-primer.md) context. Packages contribute service
| `ctx.sessions` | `dsh-session` | in-memory event-sourced sessions |
| `ctx.systemPrompt` | `dsh-system-prompt` | ordered prompt sections, tool schemas, and prompt variables |
| `ctx.tools` | `dsh-tools` | tool registry and [execution pipeline](tool-execution-pipeline.md) |
| `ctx.agents` | `dsh-agent` | live agent registry, public `Agent` handle, `agent/*` events |
| `ctx.agentLoop` | `dsh-agent-loop` | shipped `ReactLoopAgent` driver |
| `ctx.agents` | `dsh-agent` | live agents, delegated creation, `agent/*` events, and process-local initiator scope |
| `ctx.agentLoop` | `dsh-agent-loop` | concrete `Agent` driver |
### Capability Services
| ctx key | Package family | Role |
|---|---|---|
| `ctx.llm` | [`llm/`](../packages/llm/README.md) | adapter registry and streaming model calls |
| `ctx.tokenMeter` | [`llm/token-meter`](../packages/llm/token-meter/README.md) | singleton replay-aware request/surface pressure |
| `ctx.bash` | [`bash/`](../packages/bash/README.md) | foreground/background command execution |
| `ctx.sandbox` | [`sandbox/`](../packages/sandbox/README.md) | same-world process confinement (argv wrapping, per-call policy) |
| `ctx.sandboxPolicy` | [`sandbox/`](../packages/sandbox/README.md) | shared sandbox policy home |
| `ctx.codeRuntime` | [`code-runtime/`](../packages/code-runtime/README.md) | model-written program execution |
| `ctx.fs` | [`fs/`](../packages/fs/README.md) | filesystem provider primitives and policy events |
| `ctx.skills` | [`skill/`](../packages/skill/README.md) | skill provider registry and progressive disclosure |
| `ctx.web` | [`web/`](../packages/web/README.md) | search/fetch provider registries |
| `ctx.compact` | [`compact/`](../packages/compact/README.md) | session-log compaction |
| `ctx.compact`, `ctx.toolResultPrune` | [`compact/`](../packages/compact/README.md)/[`compact-tool-result-prune`](../packages/compact/compact-tool-result-prune/README.md) | summary compaction; optional model-free result pruning |
| `ctx.subagents` | [`subagent/`](../packages/subagent/README.md) | named delegation providers |
| `ctx.modes` | [`mode/`](../packages/mode/README.md) | logged session modes (plan mode) |
| `ctx.modes` | [`mode/`](../packages/mode/README.md) | logged collaboration modes |
| `ctx.tasks` | [`tasks/`](../packages/tasks/README.md) | background task registry + generic `task_*` control tools |
| `ctx.workflows` | [`workflow/`](../packages/workflow/README.md) | script-driven multi-agent orchestration |
| `ctx.sessionPersistence` | [`session-persistence/`](../packages/session-persistence/README.md) | durable storage for session logs |
@@ -54,55 +56,69 @@ Waterfall events behave like around-middleware: a listener delegates by calling
## Default Loop Lifecycle
The shipped loop drains work from prompt through checkpoint. Every pause is a service call or event available to plugins.
The shipped loop drains prompt-to-checkpoint work through plugin-visible services and events.
A **session** is one agent's append-only event log. A **turn** drains one queued batch and runs until the model stops asking for tools and no plugin requests continuation. A **step** is one model request plus the tool executions caused by that response. In the flow below ([sequence companion](agent-lifecycle.md)), quoted names are durable session events and event names are extension points.
A **session** is an append-only log. Each ordinary **turn** claims one queued `send()` item; injection claims none. A claimed `send()` successor awaits the preceding claimed ordinary turn's checkpoint but may share its `running` interval ([decision](../.agents/notes/implemented/simplification/2026-07-17-one-send-one-turn.md)). A turn ends when model and plugins stop it. A **step** is one model request plus tools. Below ([sequence companion](agent-lifecycle.md)), quotes mark durable events; other names are extension points.
No id mints `<config-id>-session-<uuid>`; `sessionId` resumes/creates; `resumeSessionId` needs history. Resume restores lineage, seeds, and delegation depth pre-publication. Failures emit `agent-loop/config-start-failed(sessionId, error)`; front doors reject; teardown stays silent.
### Turn Flow
```text
prepare private session + agent.ctx -> await unpublished setup
choose declarative identity and fresh/resume path
-> prepare private session + agent.ctx -> await unpublished setup
-> enter session + agent -> session/created -> agent/created
-> enable driving -> agent/session-start(source) -> start driver
forever:
wait for queued messages
wait for a queued message
emit agent/status(running)
TURN:
'turn/start'
each queued message -> agent/prompt-submit
claimed message -> agent/prompt-submit
allowed prompt -> 'user/message' plus injected context
every prompt blocked -> 'turn/end'(rejected)
blocked prompt -> 'prompt/blocked' -> 'turn/end'(rejected)
STEP loop:
drain steering
assemble system prompt and tool schemas
agent/session-prefix (first step)
agent/pre-step
'step/start'
snapshot the derived messages (the reconstruction boundary)
'step/start'
agent/request (config only) -> log request/header -> llm/stream (frozen)
on final adapter-path or terminal in-band failure:
'step/end'
agent/request-error(original error, failure facts, immutable prior failures, signal)
retry in the next numbered step or preserve the original error
otherwise:
'assistant/chunk'
agent/step-result
'assistant/message'
each tool call:
'tool/call'
tools/pre-execute -> monotonic guards -> tools/execute -> tools/post-execute -> tools/result
'tool/result'
append post-tool context and steering
'step/end'
agent/turn-continuation
agent/turn-stop (terminal policy)
stop unless tools or continuation policy ask for another step
agent/step-result
'assistant/message' (transformed content or empty success anchor after step-result rejection)
schedule tool calls by ctx.tools.executionMode:
exclusive -> one-call barrier
parallel -> rolling pool, <= maxParallelToolCalls in flight; reclassify before start
each start -> 'tool/call' -> ordered tools/pre-execute -> concurrent tools/execute
each model-order result -> ordered tools/post-execute -> 'tool/result'
append accepted tool-batch context after all recorded results, then steering
agent/post-step
'step/end'
agent/turn-continuation
agent/turn-stop (terminal policy)
stop unless tools or continuation policy ask for another step
'turn/end'
checkpoint persistence and notify idle/running status
```
Each step assembles ordered prompt sections, tool schemas, and `{{name}}` variables; unknown or valueless references fail the turn. `dsh-system-prompt` owns the harness identity and default persona, which an agent scope may shadow. The loop supplies `model` and `cwd` ([prompt-ownership RFC](rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-05-prompt-variables-and-tool-guidance-ownership.md)).
Each step assembles ordered prompt sections, tool schemas, and `{{name}}` variables; unknown or valueless references fail the turn. `dsh-system-prompt` owns the harness identity and default persona, which an agent scope may shadow. The loop supplies `model` and `cwd` ([prompt ownership](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-05-prompt-variables-and-tool-guidance-ownership.md)).
Post-tool context lands after all tool results so tool-call/result adjacency stays stable. Steering drains between steps; ordinary leftover steering after a turn is re-queued as input. A terminal `agent/turn-stop` is the explicit exception: it runs after ordinary continuation and steering folding, then remains authoritative through turn close and flush so steering from those later listeners is discarded rather than becoming another step or turn; ordinary queued prompts are preserved.
Tool-time context—including async `agent.inject()` notices and post-tool `additionalContexts`—settles, then follows recorded results. Steering drains before `agent/post-step`, which observes durable output, results, context, and steering before signal closure. Leftovers become queued input. Terminal `agent/turn-stop` runs after continuation and steering folding, stays authoritative through turn close and flush, and discards later steering but preserves queued prompts.
Pruning precedes summaries; overflow retries require durable progress. Bounded transient retries compose on `agent/request-error`; cancellation wins ([compaction](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-10-after-call-compaction-pressure-and-overflow-recovery.md), [retry](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-06-21-bounded-llm-request-recovery.md)).
### Failure Boundaries
The turn is the containment boundary. A throwing listener, adapter error finish, or failed step ends it with an error reason and reports `agent/error` without killing the driver. `cancel()` clears queued and steering work, aborts the active model/tool boundary when possible, and records the turn end. Disposal stops the loop, awaits quiescence, unregisters the agent, and drains service disposers.
The turn is the containment boundary. Adapter failures close the step, entering `agent/request-error` with the exact `Error`, `LlmFailure`, and retry history. Retry opens a numbered step; success clears history; exhaustion stores the failure on `turn/end`. Failed chunks commit no message or tool.
Other failures use `agent/error`. Cancellation and disposal beat recovery; undispatched model tool calls receive synthetic `tool/call` and `ABORTED` result pairs before `turn/end`. `cancel()` clears queues and aborts active work; disposal awaits quiescence before unregistering.
Every session event is turn-enclosed. Reloading preserves an interrupted tail and closes it with a synthetic `interrupted` turn end. Failures after durable turn close report only through `agent/error` because no safe in-turn position remains. Each turn has one `TurnEndReason`; [TurnEndReasonMap](core-data-structures/session.md#why-a-turn-ended-turnendreasonmap) owns the variants.
@@ -112,7 +128,7 @@ Every session event is turn-enclosed. Reloading preserves an interrupted tail an
### Agent Scope
Every live agent owns a scoped `agent.ctx`. Its registrations shadow globals, receive only that agent's dispatches, and unwind with it; async effects such as background-task cleanup are awaited. `CreateAgentOptions.setup(agentCtx)` composes the scope before publication. Typed resolvers derive carrier checks from merged `Events` signatures and `scopeTarget` ([semantic-gates RFC](rfc/implemented/process/2026-07-14-typescript-program-backed-semantic-gates.md)). See the [agent-scope RFC](rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-08-agent-scope-contexts.md) and [subagent composition controls](rfc/implemented/feature/2026-07-12-subagent-persona-tool-filter-and-depth.md).
Every live agent owns a scoped `agent.ctx`. Its registrations shadow globals, receive only that agent's dispatches, and unwind with it; async effects such as background-task cleanup are awaited. `CreateAgentOptions.setup(agentCtx)` composes the scope before publication. Typed resolvers derive carrier checks from merged `Events` signatures and `scopeTarget` ([semantic gates](../.agents/notes/implemented/process/2026-07-14-typescript-program-backed-semantic-gates.md)). See [agent scope](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-08-agent-scope-contexts.md) and [subagent composition controls](../.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-07-12-subagent-persona-tool-filter-and-depth.md). `AgentLoop` runs drivers inside `ctx.agents.withInitiator()`; private orchestration derives `agent.session`; other identities stay explicit ([decision](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-15-agent-initiator-scope.md)).
## State
@@ -120,15 +136,15 @@ Every live agent owns a scoped `agent.ctx`. Its registrations shadow globals, re
The session log is the source of truth. `deriveMessages()` projects session events into the `Message[]` sent to the model; raw `assistant/chunk` events stay in the log for replay and UI fidelity. Replay, fork, resume, transcript rendering, telemetry, and persistence all derive from the same event stream.
**Model-visible ⟺ logged**: the log reconstructs every request — messages at `step/start` fronted by the header's session prefix, headers by folding `request/header` — and dev invariants assert this ([reconstructability RFC](rfc/implemented/architecture/2026-07-05-reconstructable-requests.md)).
**Model-visible ⟺ logged**: the log reconstructs every request — messages at `step/start` fronted by the header's session prefix, headers by folding `request/header` — and dev invariants assert this ([reconstructability](../.agents/notes/implemented/architecture/2026-07-05-reconstructable-requests.md)).
Durability is a plugin concern. Persistence backends buffer synchronous `session/event` notifications and the loop awaits a turn-end checkpoint before moving on. The `SessionPersistence` seam stores `SessionEvent` directly, with metadata in `SessionHeader`; JSONL and SQLite share one contract suite.
Durability is a plugin concern. Backends buffer synchronous `session/event` notifications; the loop awaits a turn-end checkpoint. `SessionPersistence` stores `SessionEvent` directly and metadata in `SessionHeader`; JSONL defaults to checksummed Zstandard, with SQLite under one contract.
### Model Content
Messages contain typed blocks (`text`, `reasoning`, `tool-call`, `tool-result`) derived from merge-extensible `ContentBlockMap`; the same pattern types `MessageSource`, `FinishReason`, `TurnTrigger`, and `TurnEndReason`. New block types coordinate adapters, UI bridges, compaction pricing, and persistence as one repo-wide contract.
Messages contain typed blocks (`text`, `reasoning`, `tool-call`, `tool-result`) derived from merge-extensible `ContentBlockMap`; the same pattern types `MessageSource`, `FinishReason`, `TurnTrigger`, and `TurnEndReason`. New block types coordinate adapters, UI bridges, compaction pricing, token metering, and persistence as one repo-wide contract; replay measurement types live in [token-meter.md](core-data-structures/token-meter.md).
Streaming is a raw chunk protocol (`block-start` through `finish`) with `BlockAssembler` as the shared chunk-to-block assembler. The loop logs raw chunks while assembling them for dispatch. `LlmAdapter` is the provider seam: subclass, implement `stream()`, and register with `ctx.llm.registerAdapter(models, adapter)`. StreamChunk conventions live in [llm-streaming.md](core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md).
Streaming uses raw chunks and `BlockAssembler`. One `LlmAdapter.stream()` is one provider attempt; adapters report facts, while recovery policy lives on `agent/request-error`. The loop logs chunks and successful provenance/replay state. Remote adapters stop stalled transport with per-read idle watchdogs. Replay state reaches targets only when routes share an adapter instance ([contract](core-data-structures/llm-streaming.md)).
## Extension And Composition
@@ -138,11 +154,11 @@ A swappable capability usually splits into **interface / implementation / consum
Some seams bend the template deliberately: LLM combines interface and consumer because adapters implement it; filesystem wraps provider primitives with policy; web keeps search/fetch provider registries behind one service; skills and subagents use named providers. Subagents spawn fresh, fork a completed-turn prefix, or use ACP children ([subagent.md](core-data-structures/subagent.md)).
`dsh-workspace-context` composes baselines on `agent/session-prefix` and appends `ctx.fs`-discovered nested changes on `tools/post-execute`; its [RFC](rfc/implemented/feature/2026-06-24-workspace-context.md) records isolation. `dsh-paths` owns shared paths.
`dsh-workspace-context` composes baselines on `agent/session-prefix` and appends `ctx.fs`-discovered nested changes on `tools/post-execute`; its [decision](../.agents/notes/implemented/feature/2026-06-24-workspace-context.md) records isolation. `dsh-paths` owns shared paths.
### Bundles And Apps
`dsh-agent-spine-demo` bundles the default spine ([README](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/README.md)). `dsh-stdio-demo` adds a terminal front door; `dsh-acp-demo` adds stdout-pure ACP over JSON-RPC ([ui/](../packages/ui/README.md)). `dsh-jsonrpc-agent` boots external `cordis.yml`; the Python SDK supplies its default only without an explicit config channel and drives `dsh-jsonrpc` over line-delimited JSON-RPC ([Python SDK](../python/README.md)). Deployments remain thin leaves with swappable backends and optional product tools ([examples/](../examples/AGENTS.md), [runnable wirings](cookbook/extension-cookbook.md#runnable-wirings), [graph atlas](graph-atlas.md)).
`dsh-agent-spine-demo` bundles the default spine ([README](../packages/examples/agent-spine-demo/README.md)). `dsh-tui-demo` owns the interactive full-screen terminal; `dsh-cli-demo` runs one persisted headless turn with format-pure stdout; `dsh-acp-demo` adds stdout-pure ACP over JSON-RPC ([ui/](../packages/ui/README.md)). `dsh-jsonrpc-agent` boots external `cordis.yml`; the Python SDK supplies its default only without an explicit config channel and drives `dsh-jsonrpc` over line-delimited JSON-RPC ([Python SDK](../python/README.md)). Deployments remain thin leaves with swappable backends and optional product tools ([examples/](../examples/AGENTS.md), [runnable wirings](cookbook/extension-cookbook.md#runnable-wirings), [graph atlas](graph-atlas.md)).
### Where New Behavior Goes
@@ -156,7 +172,7 @@ New behavior should attach to a documented extension point; changing the shipped
| Add a long-running/background capability | register the work on `ctx.tasks`; the generic `task_*` tools collect/stop it |
| Add filesystem access or policy | implement a `ctx.fs` provider or listen on `fs/*` policy events |
| Confine spawned processes | a `ctx.sandbox` backend; consumers wrap their argv before spawning |
| Intercept prompts, requests, tool use, or continuation | listen on the relevant `agent/*` or `tools/*` waterfall; use serial `agent/turn-stop` for a monotonic terminal stop |
| Intercept prompts, requests, model completion/failure, tool use, or continuation | listen on the relevant `agent/*` or `tools/*` event; use serial `agent/turn-stop` for a monotonic terminal stop |
| Add a session-stable request prefix outside history | compose it on `agent/session-prefix`, once per loop instance; logged on the request header |
| Add UI or editor integration | drive `ctx.agents` and render from `session/event` |
| Add durable session state | add a `SessionEventMap` member and render/replay from the log |
@@ -171,4 +187,4 @@ The [extension cookbook](cookbook/extension-cookbook.md) carries plugin skeleton
- Exact event and service signatures in [events](cordis-catalog/events.md)
- [services](cordis-catalog/services.md) catalogs
- package contracts in the [package map](../packages/README.md)
- [RFCs](rfc/README.md)
- [Agent Notes](../.agents/notes/README.md)