feat: add a Crypto tab with live CoinGecko prices synced into Net Worth

Track individual coins (identity + quantity) in a dedicated tab, backed by
CoinGecko's Demo API (AURUM_COINGECKO_API_KEY). A holding is just another
Asset under the hood (asset_class=crypto) with its value written as a
regular AssetValuation — the existing Net Worth aggregation needs zero
changes to pick it up.

Prices never refresh in the background (no scheduler in this stack, same
reasoning as recurring transactions): a "Refresh prices" button forces a
sync, and GET /crypto/holdings lazily re-syncs at most once every 24h.
CoinGecko outages leave existing values untouched (error_key: "unreachable")
instead of failing the request. Backup/restore now carries CryptoHolding
rows too, so a restore doesn't silently strip a holding's coin identity.

Backend: 75/75 tests passing (9 new), including a real identity-map
staleness bug the tests caught in the raw-Core-upsert + ORM re-read pattern,
fixed via populate_existing=True.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01855PiW5Wd8n4aRW4n9kByY

backend/app/models/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from app.models.account import Account
 from app.models.asset import Asset, AssetValuation
 from app.models.budget import Budget
 from app.models.category import Category
+from app.models.crypto import CryptoHolding, CryptoSyncState
 from app.models.goal import Goal, GoalContribution
 from app.models.recurring import RecurringTransaction
 from app.models.settings import AppSettings
@@ -15,6 +16,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "AssetValuation",
     "Budget",
     "Category",
+    "CryptoHolding",
+    "CryptoSyncState",
     "Goal",
     "GoalContribution",
     "RecurringTransaction",

backend/app/models/crypto.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""Crypto holdings: a thin layer on top of the existing Asset/AssetValuation
+engine (see models/asset.py) rather than a parallel system. A CryptoHolding
+only records identity (which coin) and quantity (how much) — the actual
+value lives as ordinary AssetValuation rows, kept current by
+services/crypto_service.py, so Net Worth requires zero changes to treat a
+crypto holding like any other manually tracked asset.
+"""
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from sqlalchemy import DateTime, ForeignKey, Numeric, String
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, relationship
+
+from app.db.base import Base
+from app.models.asset import Asset
+from app.models.mixins import TimestampMixin
+
+
+class CryptoHolding(Base, TimestampMixin):
+    """1:1 extension of an Asset (asset_class=CRYPTO) — asset_id doubles as
+    this table's own primary key rather than a separate id+unique
+    constraint, so the relationship can never drift into a 1:many by
+    accident. Deleting the Asset (the existing DELETE /assets/{id}) cascades
+    here too — there's no separate delete endpoint for a holding."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "crypto_holdings"
+
+    asset_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("assets.id", ondelete="CASCADE"), primary_key=True)
+
+    # CoinGecko's stable coin id (e.g. "bitcoin") — NOT the ticker symbol,
+    # which collides across unrelated coins (CoinGecko lists dozens of
+    # differently-named coins that all use e.g. "SOL"-like tickers).
+    coingecko_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(100), nullable=False)
+    # Denormalized from CoinGecko at add-time so the holdings list can
+    # render a ticker/name/logo without an extra lookup per row.
+    symbol: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(20), nullable=False)
+    name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(150), nullable=False)
+    thumb_url: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(500), nullable=True)
+
+    # Bitcoin has 8 decimal places; several tokens go to 18 (wei-level
+    # amounts). Deliberately NOT Numeric(14, 2) like every money field in
+    # this app — this is a coin count, not a currency amount.
+    quantity: Mapped[Numeric] = mapped_column(Numeric(38, 18), nullable=False)
+
+    asset: Mapped["Asset"] = relationship()
+
+
+class CryptoSyncState(Base):
+    """Singleton row (id=1, same get-or-create pattern as AppSettings) — the
+    single global timestamp of the last successful CoinGecko price refresh.
+    One timestamp for every holding, not one per holding: a refresh always
+    re-prices every tracked coin in a single batched request (see
+    services/crypto_service.py), so there's only ever one "last synced"
+    moment to track."""
+
+    __tablename__ = "crypto_sync_state"
+
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
+    last_synced_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(DateTime(timezone=True), nullable=True)