feat: auto-capitalize the first letter of transaction descriptions

Transactions/recurring templates entered with mixed casing ("траты на
продукты") are now capitalized on create/update via a Pydantic validator,
so the fix applies to every client, not just the web UI. Adds a one-off
backfill script for existing rows.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/app/core/text.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+"""Shared text-formatting helpers."""
+
+
+def capitalize_first_letter(value: str) -> str:
+    """Uppercase the first character, leaving the rest of the string untouched.
+
+    Unlike str.capitalize()/str.title(), this never lowercases the rest of the
+    string — "iPhone 15" stays "iPhone 15", not "Iphone 15".
+    """
+    if not value:
+        return value
+    return value[0].upper() + value[1:]

backend/app/schemas/recurring.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 from datetime import date as date_
 from decimal import Decimal
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, field_validator
 
+from app.core.text import capitalize_first_letter
 from app.models.enums import RecurringFrequency, TransactionType
 
 
@@ -18,6 +19,13 @@ class RecurringTransactionCreate(BaseModel):
     frequency: RecurringFrequency
     anchor_date: date_
 
+    # Keeps templates consistent with regular transactions — see
+    # app/schemas/transaction.py for the same rule.
+    @field_validator("description")
+    @classmethod
+    def _capitalize_description(cls, value: str) -> str:
+        return capitalize_first_letter(value)
+
 
 class RecurringTransactionUpdate(BaseModel):
     account_id: int | None = None
@@ -32,6 +40,11 @@ class RecurringTransactionUpdate(BaseModel):
     anchor_date: date_ | None = None
     is_active: bool | None = None
 
+    @field_validator("description")
+    @classmethod
+    def _capitalize_description(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
+        return capitalize_first_letter(value) if value is not None else None
+
 
 class RecurringTransactionRead(BaseModel):
     id: int

backend/app/schemas/transaction.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 from datetime import date as date_
 from decimal import Decimal
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, model_validator
+from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field, field_validator, model_validator
 
+from app.core.text import capitalize_first_letter
 from app.models.enums import TransactionType
 from app.schemas.account import AccountRead
 from app.schemas.category import CategoryRead
@@ -19,6 +20,13 @@ class TransactionBase(BaseModel):
     notes: str | None = None
     date: date_
 
+    # Auto-capitalizes "траты на продукты" -> "Траты на продукты" so mixed
+    # casing from quick manual entry doesn't need fixing by hand later.
+    @field_validator("description")
+    @classmethod
+    def _capitalize_description(cls, value: str) -> str:
+        return capitalize_first_letter(value)
+
     @model_validator(mode="after")
     def _validate_type_specific_fields(self) -> "TransactionBase":
         if self.type == TransactionType.TRANSFER and not self.transfer_account_id:
@@ -47,6 +55,11 @@ class TransactionUpdate(BaseModel):
     notes: str | None = None
     date: date_ | None = None
 
+    @field_validator("description")
+    @classmethod
+    def _capitalize_description(cls, value: str | None) -> str | None:
+        return capitalize_first_letter(value) if value is not None else None
+
 
 class TransactionRead(TransactionBase):
     model_config = ConfigDict(from_attributes=True)