security: TLS, проверка Host, шифрованное запоминание входа и аудит-лог

- TLS через подключаемый overlay docker-compose.tls.yml + Caddyfile:
  Caddy сам получает и продлевает сертификат Let's Encrypt, HSTS
  добавляется на уровне прокси — намеренно там, а не в nginx.conf,
  иначе установки без TLS заперли бы сами себя;
- проверка заголовка Host против DNS rebinding: AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS,
  по умолчанию localhost и 127.0.0.1, чужой Host получает 421 с
  подсказкой, какую переменную поправить;
- «запомнить меня на 7 дней» вернулось в безопасном виде: пароль
  шифруется AES-GCM ключом с extractable: false в IndexedDB, вместо
  прежнего base64 в localStorage, который разворачивался обратно в
  пароль одним atob. Требует secure context, поэтому по обычному HTTP
  к LAN-адресу чекбокс не показывается, а не притворяется рабочим;
- аудит-лог необратимых операций (восстановление бэкапа, массовое
  создание транзакций, удаление счёта) в лог контейнера. Не в БД
  сознательно: таблица аудита исчезла бы ровно в том событии, которое
  должна объяснять;
- README: раздел про TLS и таблица двух переменных, решающих, кто
  может достучаться до инстанса.

.env.example

@@ -61,3 +61,14 @@ AURUM_WEB_PORT=3000
 # proxy), but set the basic auth variables above first: without them the app
 # has no password, and this is the line that decides who can knock.
 AURUM_BIND_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1
+
+# Hostnames Aurum will answer to, space- or comma-separated. Anything else
+# gets a 421 with a message telling you to edit this line. It exists to block
+# DNS rebinding: a site you're visiting can point its own domain at
+# 127.0.0.1 and then read your instance through your own browser — the Host
+# header is what gives it away.
+#
+# If you opened AURUM_BIND_ADDRESS above, add whatever you type in the
+# address bar here too: the LAN IP (192.168.1.50), your domain
+# (aurum.example.com), a .local name. Set it to * to turn the check off.
+AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS=localhost 127.0.0.1

Caddyfile

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Used only by the TLS overlay (docker-compose.tls.yml). The hostname comes
+# from AURUM_DOMAIN in .env — Caddy requests a Let's Encrypt certificate for
+# it on first start and renews it on its own from then on.
+#
+# For a local trial without a public domain, set AURUM_DOMAIN=localhost and
+# uncomment "tls internal" below: Caddy then issues its own certificate from
+# a local CA. The browser won't trust it until you install that CA, so this
+# is for checking the plumbing, not for daily use.
+{$AURUM_DOMAIN} {
+	# tls internal
+
+	encode zstd gzip
+
+	# Aurum's own nginx already sets CSP, nosniff, Referrer-Policy and the
+	# rest — they pass through untouched. HSTS is added here instead of
+	# there on purpose: it tells browsers to refuse plain HTTP to this host
+	# for a year, which is only safe to promise once TLS actually terminates
+	# in front of the app. Setting it in nginx.conf would apply it to
+	# plain-HTTP installs too, and lock them out of their own instance.
+	header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
+
+	reverse_proxy web:80
+}

README.md

@@ -173,9 +173,35 @@ or open `/api/docs` on your running instance for interactive Swagger docs.
 
 **Aurum has no built-in login system.** It's built for one person to self-host one private instance of their own financial data — not as a multi-tenant service with per-user accounts. That's a deliberate trade-off, not an oversight, but it means:
 
-- If you leave `AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_USER` / `AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD` unset in `.env`, **anyone who can reach the container can read, edit, and delete all of it — no password prompt at all.** This is fine if Aurum is only reachable from `localhost` or your own private network.
+- If you leave `AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_USER` / `AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD` unset in `.env`, **anyone who can reach the container can read, edit, and delete all of it — no password prompt at all.** The app itself now says so on first load, with a warning you have to dismiss. This is fine if Aurum is only reachable from `localhost`.
 - Set both variables before exposing your instance beyond your own machine (a VPS, a subdomain, a Tailscale/VPN endpoint someone else might share). This turns on an HTTP Basic Auth prompt in front of the entire app, UI and API alike.
-- For anything beyond that — a reverse proxy with TLS (Caddy, Traefik, nginx + Let's Encrypt) is on you; Aurum doesn't terminate HTTPS itself.
+
+### Two settings that decide who can reach you
+
+Both default to "this machine only", so opening Aurum up is a deliberate act rather than something that happens by accident:
+
+| Variable | Default | What it does |
+|---|---|---|
+| `AURUM_BIND_ADDRESS` | `127.0.0.1` | Which host interface the port is published on. The default means nothing else on your network can connect, even on the same Wi-Fi. Set `0.0.0.0` to open it. |
+| `AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS` | `localhost 127.0.0.1` | Hostnames Aurum answers to; anything else gets a `421`. This blocks DNS rebinding, where a site you're browsing points its own domain at `127.0.0.1` and reads your instance through your own browser. |
+
+If you open the bind address, add whatever you type in the address bar to `AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS` too — the LAN IP, your domain, a `.local` name. Forgetting the second one is the usual cause of a `421` on an otherwise working setup.
+
+### Serving it over HTTPS
+
+Aurum speaks plain HTTP by design — certificates belong to a dedicated terminator, not to the app's own nginx. Basic Auth sends your password on **every** request, so without TLS anyone who can see the traffic has it.
+
+A ready-to-use Caddy setup ships with the repo (`docker-compose.tls.yml` + `Caddyfile`). It gets a Let's Encrypt certificate on first start and renews it by itself:
+
+```bash
+# in .env — a real domain pointing at this host
+AURUM_DOMAIN=aurum.example.com
+AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS=aurum.example.com
+
+docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.tls.yml up -d --build
+```
+
+Caddy then owns ports 80 and 443 (80 stays open for the ACME challenge and the HTTPS redirect), the `web` container stops publishing a port of its own, and HSTS is added at the proxy — deliberately there and not in `nginx.conf`, since promising browsers "never use plain HTTP for this host again" is only safe once TLS is actually in front.
 
 If you find a security issue, please open a private report via GitHub's Security tab rather than a public issue.
 

backend/app/api/routes/accounts.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from app.api.deps import get_session
+from app.core.audit import log_destructive
 from app.schemas.account import AccountCreate, AccountUpdate, AccountWithBalance
 from app.services.account_service import create_account, delete_account, list_accounts, update_account
 
@@ -31,4 +32,7 @@ async def update_account_route(
 
 @router.delete("/{account_id}", status_code=204)
 async def delete_account_route(account_id: int, session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session)) -> None:
+    # Takes every transaction on the account with it, so it's worth a line in
+    # the log even though the UI asks for confirmation first.
     await delete_account(session, account_id)
+    log_destructive("account.deleted", account_id=account_id)

backend/app/api/routes/backup.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from app.api.deps import get_session
+from app.core.audit import log_destructive
 from app.schemas.backup import BackupPayload
 from app.services.backup_service import build_backup, restore_backup
 
@@ -15,5 +16,16 @@ async def export_backup(session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session)) -> BackupP
 
 @router.post("/import")
 async def import_backup(payload: BackupPayload, session: AsyncSession = Depends(get_session)) -> dict[str, str]:
+    # Logged before the fact as well as after: if the restore dies partway
+    # (it rolls back, but the process could also be killed outright), the
+    # "started" line is the only evidence it was ever attempted.
+    log_destructive(
+        "backup.restore.started",
+        exported_at=payload.exported_at,
+        source_app_version=payload.app_version,
+        accounts=len(payload.accounts),
+        transactions=len(payload.transactions),
+    )
     await restore_backup(session, payload)
+    log_destructive("backup.restore.completed", transactions=len(payload.transactions))
     return {"status": "ok"}

backend/app/api/routes/transactions.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
 
 from app.api.deps import get_session
+from app.core.audit import log_destructive
 from app.models.category import Category
 from app.models.enums import CategoryKind, TransactionType
 from app.models.tag import Tag
@@ -228,6 +229,9 @@ async def bulk_create_transactions(
 
     session.add_all(transactions)
     await session.commit()
+    # One request can add thousands of rows (CSV import) — worth a line so an
+    # unexpected pile of transactions can be dated later.
+    log_destructive("transactions.bulk_created", count=len(transactions))
     return TransactionBulkCreateResult(created=len(transactions))
 
 

backend/app/core/audit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Audit trail for the handful of operations that destroy or wholesale
+replace data.
+
+Aurum is single-user, so this isn't about "who did it" — there's only one
+person. It's about *what happened and when*, after the fact. The operations
+recorded here are the ones that can't be undone from the UI: restoring a
+backup wipes every table before writing the new rows, deleting an account
+takes its transactions with it, and a CSV import can add thousands of rows in
+one request. When someone opens the app and finds it empty, the container log
+is the only place that can say whether a restore ran at 02:14 or whether
+something else went wrong.
+
+Deliberately just the standard logger, no table of its own: an audit trail
+that lives in the same database it's auditing disappears in exactly the event
+it exists to explain (a restore truncates it too). Read it with
+`docker compose logs backend`.
+"""
+import logging
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("aurum.audit")
+
+
+def log_destructive(action: str, **details: object) -> None:
+    """Record one irreversible operation. `details` are rendered as
+    key=value; keep them to counts and identifiers — never transaction
+    descriptions, amounts or anything else that would spill the user's
+    finances into a log file that gets shared when debugging."""
+    if details:
+        rendered = " ".join(f"{key}={value}" for key, value in details.items())
+        logger.warning("%s %s", action, rendered)
+    else:
+        logger.warning("%s", action)

docker-compose.tls.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# TLS overlay — opt in, not part of the default stack.
+#
+#   docker compose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-compose.tls.yml up -d
+#
+# Aurum itself speaks plain HTTP and stays that way: certificate handling is
+# a job for a dedicated terminator, not for the app's own nginx. Caddy is
+# used here because it obtains and renews a Let's Encrypt certificate on its
+# own, with no cron job and no certbot invocation to forget.
+#
+# What this changes:
+#   - Caddy takes ports 80 and 443 on the host. 80 has to stay open: it's
+#     both the ACME HTTP challenge and the redirect to HTTPS.
+#   - The web container stops publishing a port of its own — it's reachable
+#     only from inside the compose network, through Caddy.
+#
+# Required before the first run (see .env):
+#   AURUM_DOMAIN=aurum.example.com   — a real name resolving to this host
+#   AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS=aurum.example.com
+#     ^ easy to miss: the app's own Host check (25-allowed-hosts.sh) still
+#       applies behind the proxy, and Caddy forwards the original Host, so
+#       leaving this at the default gets you a 421 through a perfectly good
+#       certificate.
+services:
+  caddy:
+    image: caddy:2-alpine
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    ports:
+      - "80:80"
+      - "443:443"
+      - "443:443/udp"   # HTTP/3
+    environment:
+      AURUM_DOMAIN: ${AURUM_DOMAIN:?set AURUM_DOMAIN in .env to the hostname this instance answers on}
+    volumes:
+      - ./Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile:ro
+      # Certificates and ACME account keys. Keep this volume — losing it
+      # means re-issuing certificates, and Let's Encrypt rate-limits that.
+      - caddy_data:/data
+      - caddy_config:/config
+    depends_on:
+      - web
+
+  web:
+    # Reachable only through Caddy now. The "!reset" is what actually removes
+    # the base file's published port instead of adding to it — a plain empty
+    # list would be merged, not substituted, and the port would stay open.
+    ports: !reset []
+
+volumes:
+  caddy_data:
+  caddy_config:

docker-compose.yml

@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ services:
       # Both unset = no login screen at all. See frontend/docker-entrypoint.d/20-basic-auth.sh.
       AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_USER: ${AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_USER:-}
       AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD: ${AURUM_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD:-}
+      # Hostnames this instance answers to — anything else gets a 421.
+      # See frontend/docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh.
+      AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS: ${AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS:-localhost 127.0.0.1}
     depends_on:
       - backend
 

frontend/Dockerfile

@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@ RUN apk add --no-cache openssl
 COPY --from=build /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html
 COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
 COPY docker-entrypoint.d/20-basic-auth.sh /docker-entrypoint.d/20-basic-auth.sh
+COPY docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh /docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh
 # sed strips any stray CR: cloned on Windows with core.autocrlf=true the
-# script arrives as CRLF, the kernel reads the shebang as "/bin/sh\r", and
+# scripts arrive as CRLF, the kernel reads the shebang as "/bin/sh\r", and
 # nginx dies on boot with "not found" (exit 127). .gitattributes fixes this
 # at the repository level; this line covers checkouts that predate it.
-RUN sed -i 's/\r$//' /docker-entrypoint.d/20-basic-auth.sh \
+# The empty .conf files matter: nginx.conf includes both unconditionally, and
-    && chmod +x /docker-entrypoint.d/20-basic-auth.sh \
+# an include of a missing file is a startup error.
-    && touch /etc/nginx/basic-auth.conf
+RUN sed -i 's/\r$//' /docker-entrypoint.d/20-basic-auth.sh /docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh \
+    && chmod +x /docker-entrypoint.d/20-basic-auth.sh /docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh \
+    && touch /etc/nginx/basic-auth.conf /etc/nginx/allowed-hosts.conf
 
 EXPOSE 80
 

frontend/docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Runs before nginx starts, same convention as 20-basic-auth.sh next door.
+#
+# Writes the Host allow-list that nginx.conf includes. This is what stops DNS
+# rebinding: a page on the open internet can point its own hostname at
+# 127.0.0.1, wait for the DNS TTL to expire, and then have the victim's own
+# browser issue same-origin requests to whatever is listening there. The
+# browser's origin checks don't help — as far as it's concerned the request
+# really is same-origin — but the Host header still carries the attacker's
+# domain, so refusing hostnames we don't expect closes it.
+#
+# AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS is a space- or comma-separated list. Default covers
+# local access only; add your own hostname when you serve Aurum under one
+# (see .env.example). "*" disables the check entirely.
+set -eu
+
+FRAGMENT=/etc/nginx/allowed-hosts.conf
+HOSTS="${AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS:-localhost 127.0.0.1}"
+
+if [ "$HOSTS" = "*" ]; then
+  : > "$FRAGMENT"
+  echo "[aurum] Host header check disabled (AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS=*)." >&2
+  return 0 2>/dev/null || exit 0
+fi
+
+# "a,b c" -> "a|b|c", with regex metacharacters in each entry escaped so an
+# IP's dots can't match any character.
+PATTERN="$(printf '%s' "$HOSTS" \
+  | tr ',' ' ' \
+  | tr -s ' ' '\n' \
+  | sed '/^$/d' \
+  | sed 's/[].[^$*\/+?(){}|\\]/\\&/g' \
+  | paste -sd '|' -)"
+
+cat > "$FRAGMENT" <<EOF
+# Generated at container start by docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh.
+# \$host is the Host header without the port, so entries here are bare
+# hostnames. "if" is normally best avoided in nginx, but a bare "return"
+# inside it is one of the two documented-safe uses.
+if (\$host !~* '^(${PATTERN})\$') {
+    return 421 "Aurum: unexpected Host header '\$host'. Add it to AURUM_ALLOWED_HOSTS in .env (see .env.example), or set that variable to * to disable this check.\n";
+}
+EOF
+
+echo "[aurum] Host header allow-list: ${HOSTS}" >&2

frontend/nginx.conf

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ server {
     # vulnerable to X" into a lookup instead of a probe.
     server_tokens off;
 
+    # Rejects requests whose Host header isn't one we expect (DNS rebinding —
+    # see docker-entrypoint.d/25-allowed-hosts.sh, which generates this and
+    # explains the attack). Empty file when the check is switched off.
+    include /etc/nginx/allowed-hosts.conf;
+
     # Security headers, applied at server level so every location inherits
     # them. Note for whoever edits this next: adding an add_header inside a
     # location block drops ALL of these for that location — nginx does not

frontend/src/components/auth/LoginGate.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { type ReactNode, useEffect, useState } from "react";
 import { Logo } from "@/components/layout/Logo";
 import { LoginScreen } from "@/components/auth/LoginScreen";
 import { NoAuthModal } from "@/components/auth/NoAuthModal";
-import { checkCredentials, useAuthHeader } from "@/lib/auth";
+import { checkCredentials, useAuthHeader, whenAuthRestored } from "@/lib/auth";
 
 // "not-configured" and "authenticated" both render `children` the same way,
 // but they must stay distinct: only "not-configured" means this instance has
@@ -30,13 +30,20 @@ export function LoginGate({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
       return;
     }
     let cancelled = false;
-    checkCredentials(null).then((result) => {
+    // Wait for the encrypted "remember me" credential to be read back before
-      if (cancelled) return;
+    // concluding anything: it arrives asynchronously (IndexedDB + WebCrypto),
-      // A network/backend error here isn't an auth problem — don't block
+    // and probing first would show the login screen for a moment to someone
-      // the user behind a login screen for an unrelated outage, let the
+    // who is, in fact, already logged in. When it does arrive it sets the
-      // app's own per-page error states (e.g. dashboard.errorLoading) explain it.
+    // header, which re-runs this effect down the authenticated path above.
-      setProbe(result === "unauthorized" ? "required" : "not-configured");
+    void whenAuthRestored()
-    });
+      .then(() => (cancelled ? null : checkCredentials(null)))
+      .then((result) => {
+        if (cancelled || result === null) return;
+        // A network/backend error here isn't an auth problem — don't block
+        // the user behind a login screen for an unrelated outage, let the
+        // app's own per-page error states (e.g. dashboard.errorLoading) explain it.
+        setProbe(result === "unauthorized" ? "required" : "not-configured");
+      });
     return () => {
       cancelled = true;
     };

frontend/src/components/auth/LoginScreen.tsx

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { Logo } from "@/components/layout/Logo";
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/Button";
 import { Card, CardContent } from "@/components/ui/Card";
 import { Input, Label } from "@/components/ui/Input";
-import { buildBasicAuthHeader, checkCredentials, setCredentials } from "@/lib/auth";
+import { buildBasicAuthHeader, checkCredentials, isRememberSupported, setCredentials } from "@/lib/auth";
 import { useTranslation } from "@/lib/i18n";
 
 type Status = "idle" | "submitting" | "invalid" | "unreachable";
@@ -19,13 +19,18 @@ export function LoginScreen() {
   const [password, setPassword] = useState("");
   const [remember, setRemember] = useState(false);
   const [status, setStatus] = useState<Status>("idle");
+  // Remembering encrypts the credential with WebCrypto, which browsers only
+  // expose in a secure context — over plain HTTP to a LAN address there's no
+  // safe way to persist it, so the option is hidden rather than offered and
+  // quietly ignored. See lib/credentialVault.ts.
+  const canRemember = isRememberSupported();
 
   const handleSubmit = async (event: FormEvent) => {
     event.preventDefault();
     setStatus("submitting");
     const result = await checkCredentials(buildBasicAuthHeader(username, password));
     if (result === "ok") {
-      setCredentials(username, password, remember);
+      setCredentials(username, password, canRemember && remember);
       return;
     }
     setStatus(result === "unauthorized" ? "invalid" : "unreachable");
@@ -67,15 +72,19 @@ export function LoginScreen() {
               />
             </div>
 
-            <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-text-muted">
+            {canRemember ? (
-              <input
+              <label className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs text-text-muted">
-                type="checkbox"
+                <input
-                checked={remember}
+                  type="checkbox"
-                onChange={(event) => setRemember(event.target.checked)}
+                  checked={remember}
-                className="h-3.5 w-3.5 accent-text-primary"
+                  onChange={(event) => setRemember(event.target.checked)}
-              />
+                  className="h-3.5 w-3.5 accent-text-primary"
-              {t("auth.rememberMe")}
+                />
-            </label>
+                {t("auth.rememberMe")}
+              </label>
+            ) : (
+              <p className="text-xs text-text-muted">{t("auth.sessionOnlyHint")}</p>
+            )}
 
             {status === "invalid" && <p className="text-sm text-danger">{t("auth.errorInvalidCredentials")}</p>}
             {status === "unreachable" && <p className="text-sm text-danger">{t("auth.errorUnreachable")}</p>}

frontend/src/lib/auth.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { useSyncExternalStore } from "react";
 
+import { forgetCredential, isVaultAvailable, recallCredential, rememberCredential } from "@/lib/credentialVault";
+
 /**
  * Client-side mirror of the HTTP Basic Auth credentials Aurum's own login
  * screen collects (see components/auth/LoginScreen.tsx), so every fetch can
@@ -9,45 +11,31 @@ import { useSyncExternalStore } from "react";
  * this only avoids ever triggering that native prompt, by never letting an
  * unauthenticated request happen without us attaching the header ourselves.
  *
- * Two storage tiers, chosen at login time by the "remember me" checkbox:
+ * Two tiers, chosen by the "remember me" checkbox:
- *  - sessionStorage (default): gone as soon as the tab closes.
+ *  - sessionStorage (default): plain, but gone the moment the browser closes.
- *  - localStorage, with an explicit expiry stamped into the stored value:
+ *  - the encrypted vault (lib/credentialVault.ts): survives a restart for
- *    survives closing the tab/browser, but only for REMEMBER_DAYS — an
+ *    REMEMBER_DAYS. It used to be plain localStorage, which meant the
- *    unbounded "stay logged in forever" is too much for a finance app.
+ *    instance password sat on disk recoverable with a single atob() — the
- * The expiry is only checked when this module loads (i.e. on page load/
+ *    vault encrypts it under a key the browser refuses to hand back.
- * reload) — a tab left open across the expiry moment without reloading
+ *
- * keeps working until its next reload or a 401 forces a fresh check.
+ * The vault needs a secure context, so on plain HTTP to anything but
+ * localhost the remember tier is simply unavailable (isRememberSupported()) —
+ * the login screen hides the checkbox rather than silently not remembering.
  */
 const SESSION_KEY = "aurum:basicAuth";
-const REMEMBER_KEY = "aurum:basicAuth:remember";
+// Where the pre-vault "remember me" tier kept its plaintext copy. Read never,
-// 7, not 30: what's stored is the Basic Auth header, i.e. the instance
+// deleted always: an install upgrading past that version would otherwise
-// password recoverable in plaintext by anyone who can read localStorage (an
+// leave the password sitting on disk for up to a week with nothing left to
-// XSS, a browser extension, someone with the machine). It can't be revoked
+// clear it.
-// server-side, so the only lever on that exposure is how long it sits there.
+const LEGACY_REMEMBER_KEY = "aurum:basicAuth:remember";
 const REMEMBER_DAYS = 7;
 const REMEMBER_MS = REMEMBER_DAYS * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
 
-interface RememberedEntry {
+function forgetLegacyRememberedCredentials(): void {
-  header: string;
-  expiresAt: number; // epoch ms
-}
-
-function readRemembered(): string | null {
   try {
-    const raw = localStorage.getItem(REMEMBER_KEY);
+    localStorage.removeItem(LEGACY_REMEMBER_KEY);
-    if (!raw) return null;
-    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as Partial<RememberedEntry>;
-    if (typeof parsed.header !== "string" || typeof parsed.expiresAt !== "number") {
-      localStorage.removeItem(REMEMBER_KEY);
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (Date.now() >= parsed.expiresAt) {
-      localStorage.removeItem(REMEMBER_KEY);
-      return null;
-    }
-    return parsed.header;
   } catch {
-    return null;
+    // storage unavailable — nothing was stored there either
   }
 }
 
@@ -59,11 +47,13 @@ function readSession(): string | null {
   }
 }
 
-function readStored(): string | null {
+export function isRememberSupported(): boolean {
-  return readRemembered() ?? readSession();
+  return isVaultAvailable();
 }
 
-let currentHeader: string | null = readStored();
+forgetLegacyRememberedCredentials();
+
+let currentHeader: string | null = readSession();
 const listeners = new Set<() => void>();
 
 function notify(): void {
@@ -74,6 +64,25 @@ export function getAuthHeader(): string | null {
   return currentHeader;
 }
 
+/** Reading the vault is async (IndexedDB + WebCrypto), unlike the
+ * sessionStorage tier that's already resolved by the time this module
+ * finishes loading. LoginGate awaits this before deciding anything, so a
+ * remembered login doesn't flash the login screen on its way in. Started
+ * eagerly at module load rather than on demand, so the work overlaps with
+ * React mounting instead of following it. */
+const restored: Promise<void> = (async () => {
+  if (currentHeader !== null) return;
+  const remembered = await recallCredential();
+  // A login that happened while the vault was being read wins — it's newer.
+  if (remembered === null || currentHeader !== null) return;
+  currentHeader = remembered;
+  notify();
+})();
+
+export function whenAuthRestored(): Promise<void> {
+  return restored;
+}
+
 // btoa() only handles Latin1 — the UI is bilingual RU/EN, so a Cyrillic
 // password has to survive this, not just ASCII ones.
 function encodeUtf8Base64(value: string): string {
@@ -89,22 +98,22 @@ export function buildBasicAuthHeader(username: string, password: string): string
   return `Basic ${encodeUtf8Base64(`${username}:${password}`)}`;
 }
 
-export function setCredentials(username: string, password: string, remember: boolean): void {
+export function setCredentials(username: string, password: string, remember = false): void {
   currentHeader = buildBasicAuthHeader(username, password);
   try {
-    if (remember) {
+    sessionStorage.setItem(SESSION_KEY, currentHeader);
-      const entry: RememberedEntry = { header: currentHeader, expiresAt: Date.now() + REMEMBER_MS };
-      localStorage.setItem(REMEMBER_KEY, JSON.stringify(entry));
-      sessionStorage.removeItem(SESSION_KEY);
-    } else {
-      sessionStorage.setItem(SESSION_KEY, currentHeader);
-      localStorage.removeItem(REMEMBER_KEY);
-    }
   } catch {
     // storage unavailable (private browsing, storage disabled) — the header
     // still works for the rest of this tab's life via the in-memory
     // variable above, it just won't survive a refresh.
   }
+  // Fire-and-forget: nothing downstream waits on the write, and a vault that
+  // refuses to store only costs this login its persistence.
+  if (remember) {
+    void rememberCredential(currentHeader, REMEMBER_MS);
+  } else {
+    void forgetCredential();
+  }
   notify();
 }
 
@@ -116,10 +125,14 @@ export function clearCredentials(): void {
   currentHeader = null;
   try {
     sessionStorage.removeItem(SESSION_KEY);
-    localStorage.removeItem(REMEMBER_KEY);
+    forgetLegacyRememberedCredentials();
   } catch {
     // ignore — nothing to clean up if storage was never usable
   }
+  // A 401 means the stored credential is wrong or revoked, so the remembered
+  // copy is wrong too — leaving it would restore the same rejected header on
+  // the next reload and loop the user straight back to the login screen.
+  void forgetCredential();
   notify();
 }
 

frontend/src/lib/credentialVault.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/**
+ * Encrypted at-rest storage for the Basic Auth header, so "remember me" can
+ * survive a browser restart without leaving the instance password readable on
+ * disk.
+ *
+ * How it works: an AES-GCM key is generated with `extractable: false` and
+ * kept in IndexedDB. The browser will happily store and hand back that
+ * CryptoKey, but `crypto.subtle.exportKey` refuses to reveal its bytes — so
+ * page code can decrypt with it and still cannot read it. Alongside it sits
+ * the ciphertext of the header plus an expiry.
+ *
+ * What this actually buys, stated honestly:
+ *  - Someone who copies the profile directory, restores a disk backup, reads
+ *    synced storage, or just opens DevTools gets ciphertext. Previously they
+ *    got `Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz`, which is the password in one `atob()`.
+ *  - It does NOT stop code executing *inside* the page: an XSS can simply
+ *    call decrypt() the same way the app does. That vector is what the
+ *    Content-Security-Policy in frontend/nginx.conf is there to close;
+ *    this and that are two halves of the same answer.
+ *
+ * Requires a secure context — `crypto.subtle` is undefined on plain HTTP to
+ * anything but localhost. That's a real configuration here, not a hypothetical
+ * (AURUM_BIND_ADDRESS makes LAN access over http:// possible), so callers must
+ * check isVaultAvailable() and fall back to session-only storage.
+ */
+const DB_NAME = "aurum-auth";
+const DB_VERSION = 1;
+const STORE = "vault";
+const KEY_ID = "wrapping-key";
+const BLOB_ID = "remembered-credential";
+
+interface StoredBlob {
+  iv: Uint8Array;
+  ciphertext: ArrayBuffer;
+  expiresAt: number; // epoch ms
+}
+
+export function isVaultAvailable(): boolean {
+  return (
+    typeof indexedDB !== "undefined" &&
+    typeof crypto !== "undefined" &&
+    typeof crypto.subtle !== "undefined" &&
+    typeof crypto.subtle.generateKey === "function"
+  );
+}
+
+function openDb(): Promise<IDBDatabase> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const request = indexedDB.open(DB_NAME, DB_VERSION);
+    request.onupgradeneeded = () => {
+      if (!request.result.objectStoreNames.contains(STORE)) {
+        request.result.createObjectStore(STORE);
+      }
+    };
+    request.onsuccess = () => resolve(request.result);
+    request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
+  });
+}
+
+function runRequest<T>(store: IDBObjectStore, request: IDBRequest<T>): Promise<T> {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    request.onsuccess = () => resolve(request.result);
+    request.onerror = () => reject(request.error);
+    store.transaction.onabort = () => reject(store.transaction.error);
+  });
+}
+
+async function withStore<T>(mode: IDBTransactionMode, run: (store: IDBObjectStore) => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+  const db = await openDb();
+  try {
+    return await run(db.transaction(STORE, mode).objectStore(STORE));
+  } finally {
+    db.close();
+  }
+}
+
+/** Reuses the existing key when there is one: regenerating it on every login
+ * would strand any ciphertext already written under the old key. */
+async function getOrCreateKey(): Promise<CryptoKey> {
+  const existing = await withStore("readonly", (store) => runRequest<CryptoKey | undefined>(store, store.get(KEY_ID)));
+  if (existing) return existing;
+
+  // extractable: false is the whole point — see the module comment.
+  const key = await crypto.subtle.generateKey({ name: "AES-GCM", length: 256 }, false, ["encrypt", "decrypt"]);
+  await withStore("readwrite", (store) => runRequest(store, store.put(key, KEY_ID)));
+  return key;
+}
+
+export async function rememberCredential(header: string, ttlMs: number): Promise<void> {
+  if (!isVaultAvailable()) return;
+  try {
+    const key = await getOrCreateKey();
+    // A fresh IV per encryption: reusing one with AES-GCM under the same key
+    // is what breaks the mode outright.
+    const iv = crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(12));
+    const ciphertext = await crypto.subtle.encrypt({ name: "AES-GCM", iv }, key, new TextEncoder().encode(header));
+    const blob: StoredBlob = { iv, ciphertext, expiresAt: Date.now() + ttlMs };
+    await withStore("readwrite", (store) => runRequest(store, store.put(blob, BLOB_ID)));
+  } catch {
+    // Storage denied or unavailable (private window, quota, disabled) —
+    // login still works for this session, it just won't be remembered.
+  }
+}
+
+export async function recallCredential(): Promise<string | null> {
+  if (!isVaultAvailable()) return null;
+  try {
+    const blob = await withStore("readonly", (store) => runRequest<StoredBlob | undefined>(store, store.get(BLOB_ID)));
+    if (!blob) return null;
+    if (Date.now() >= blob.expiresAt) {
+      await forgetCredential();
+      return null;
+    }
+    // Copied into a fresh view: structured clone hands the IV back typed over
+    // ArrayBufferLike, which doesn't satisfy WebCrypto's BufferSource.
+    const iv = new Uint8Array(blob.iv);
+    const plaintext = await crypto.subtle.decrypt({ name: "AES-GCM", iv }, await getOrCreateKey(), blob.ciphertext);
+    return new TextDecoder().decode(plaintext);
+  } catch {
+    // Tampered ciphertext, a key that no longer matches, or storage trouble.
+    // Nothing recoverable either way — drop it and fall back to the login
+    // screen rather than leaving a blob around that can never be read.
+    await forgetCredential();
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function forgetCredential(): Promise<void> {
+  if (typeof indexedDB === "undefined") return;
+  try {
+    await withStore("readwrite", (store) => runRequest(store, store.delete(BLOB_ID)));
+  } catch {
+    // ignore — nothing usable to clean up
+  }
+}

frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts

@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const ru = {
   "auth.usernameLabel": "Логин",
   "auth.passwordLabel": "Пароль",
   "auth.rememberMe": "Запомнить меня на 7 дней",
+  "auth.sessionOnlyHint": "Вход сохраняется до закрытия браузера. Запоминание надолго требует HTTPS или localhost.",
   "auth.submitButton": "Войти",
   "auth.submitting": "Вход…",
   "auth.errorInvalidCredentials": "Неверный логин или пароль",
@@ -568,6 +569,7 @@ const en: Record<keyof typeof ru, string> = {
   "auth.usernameLabel": "Username",
   "auth.passwordLabel": "Password",
   "auth.rememberMe": "Remember me for 7 days",
+  "auth.sessionOnlyHint": "You stay signed in until you close the browser. Staying signed in for longer needs HTTPS or localhost.",
   "auth.submitButton": "Sign in",
   "auth.submitting": "Signing in…",
   "auth.errorInvalidCredentials": "Incorrect username or password",